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New applications and characteristics of adhesives |
Public date:2020-3-17 Hits：4048 |
First, the new application of adhesive
1.Anti-corrosion of mechanical equipment
At present, the steam pipes of ships mostly use aluminum silicate and asbestos to achieve thermal insulation purposes, but due to leakage or alternate cold and heat, condensed water is generated and collected on the outer wall of the steam pipes at the bottom; Effect, the outer wall corrosion is very serious. To this end, a water glass series adhesive can be used as a coating material on the bottom of the aluminum silicate to form a coating with an enamel-like structure. Its thermal expansion coefficient is similar to that of the pipe, and the thermal stress is small and it will not crack. In mechanical installations, components are often bolted. Bolted devices are exposed to the air for long periods of time and can cause crevice corrosion. During mechanical work, bolts sometimes become loose due to severe vibration. In order to solve this problem, the connecting members can be bonded with inorganic adhesives in mechanical installation, and then connected with bolts. This can not only play the role of reinforcement, but also play an anti-corrosive effect.
2.Used as biomedical
Material Hydroxyapatite Ca10 (PO4) 6 (OH) 2 (abbreviated as HA) The composition of bioceramic is close to the inorganic component of human bone. Alternative materials for hard tissue. However, currently prepared HA implants generally have high elastic modulus, low strength, and unsatisfactory activity. Phosphate glass adhesive is selected, and the HA raw material powder is bonded together below the traditional sintering temperature by the action of the adhesive, thereby reducing the elastic modulus and ensuring the material activity. Cohesion Technology Co., Ltd. recently announced that they have developed a Coseal sealant that can be used for heart bonding and has been successfully used in the clinic. Through the comparison and use of 21 cardiac surgery in Europe, it was found that the use of Coseal surgery significantly reduced surgical adhesion than other methods. Subsequent preliminary clinical studies showed that Coseal sealant has great development potential in cardiac, gynecological and abdominal surgery. The application of adhesives in medicine is known as the new growth point of the adhesive industry. Structural glue composed of epoxy resin or unsaturated polyester. In contemporary defense technology, stealth submarines are one of the hallmarks of the modernization of naval equipment. An important method of submarine stealth is to lay a muffler tile on the shell of the submarine. Muffler is a kind of rubber with sound absorption. In order to achieve the firm combination of the muffler tile and the boat wall steel plate, it is necessary to rely on the adhesive.
3. Applications in the military field
3.1 Tank maintenance
Cracks in the shell of tank engines are common defects. Due to the defects of internal metal structure, stress concentration, fatigue, and prominent external force, cracks are often caused in different parts of the engine body shell. If the welding method is used to solve such problems, there are disadvantages such as brittleness, deformation, and decrease in strength of the material. At the same time, power and equipment are also lost. The use of special bonding technology to deal with such cracks will achieve fast, good and economical results.
3.2 Light bombers for military aircraft
It mainly flies at subsonic speed or transonic speed. The fuselage and wing outer skin are made of aluminum alloy plate with a thickness of less than 1.5mm, and some are only 0.4-0.8mm thick, and the lower part is reinforced by corrugated profiles. Riveted skin with such a thin structure is very difficult. Adhesive structure can not only overcome the deformation easily caused by the riveted thin skin, the overall loss of strength caused by rivet nesting, reduce tooling, shorten the assembly cycle, but also increase the structural corrosion resistance Performance, fatigue resistance and break safety. For modern high-performance military aircraft, the sealing of the wing or tank fuselage requires an adhesive. Adhesive sealing between plexiglass and polyester tape of the fighter aircraft requires high-performance adhesives.
3.3 Preparation of camouflage materials
For the ground weapons of the Army, it is mainly a threat of 8 to 14 μm infrared camera. The main way to achieve infrared stealth is to develop infrared camouflage coatings with different emissivities. Through different emissivities of the coatings, effective infrared imaging of the target shape is performed. Image segmentation to achieve the goal of fusion of the target and the background. From the research content of infrared stealth coatings, a highly transparent adhesive is one of the technical approaches adopted. The resin's infrared atmospheric window of 8 to 14 μm does not contain absorption groups to achieve the low radiation specificity of the adhesive itself in the infrared window. Radar coating is a kind of functional material that can absorb electromagnetic waves and reduce the target radar characteristic signal, making it difficult to find and identify. It is one of the main ways to achieve the stealth of weapon equipment radar. It is composed of an absorbent and an adhesive. The adhesive determines the physical mechanical properties and construction properties of the absorbent coating.
Second, the characteristics of the adhesive
1.Temperature resistance
Inorganic high temperature adhesives are generally used in the range of 1500 to 1750 ° C, while copper phosphate oxide adhesives have a wider temperature resistance range and can be used in the range of 180 to 1400 ° C. However, the main aggregates used in inorganic high-temperature adhesives are zircon sand and refractory and soil. Zircon sand is relatively expensive and is mainly imported. Refractory and soil are obtained at the expense of land, which is costly. Therefore, it is urgent to find cheap and readily available products to replace traditional aggregates to reduce production costs. Some organic adhesives have also achieved high temperature resistance through modification. For example, B4C modified phenolic resin glue can withstand high temperatures of 1500 ° C. The market demand for temperature-resistant adhesives is constantly growing, so this type of adhesives has broad prospects for development.
2.Low pollution
As the global environment worsens, people are beginning to use environmentally friendly products. Although adhesives are not a large class of chemical products, the harm to the environment cannot be ignored. Those non-environment-friendly adhesives will be gradually discarded. Polyvinyl formaldehyde adhesive (commonly known as "107 glue") is harmful to human health because it contains free formaldehyde. It has long been banned in developed countries, but due to its low price in China, it still has a considerable market share. However, its use has gradually decreased and will be phased out soon. How to make non-environment-friendly adhesives into environmental-friendly adhesives through modification is an imperative task. Japanese DJK company has successfully researched a formaldehyde-free adhesive that can replace plywood manufacturing. DJK company pointed out that the common urea-formaldehyde and melamine adhesives contain formaldehyde that can cause allergic reactions in the human body. DJK claims that the strength, water resistance and cost of this adhesive are similar to melamine adhesives. With the growing demand for environmental protection, more and more people are now working on the development of biodegradable adhesives. Biodegradation of polymers is accomplished through hydrolysis and oxidation. Most degradable polymers contain degradable groups on their main chains, such as amine, hydroxyl, and urea groups. Sharak et al. Used dihydroxy groups to react with ethers to synthesize hydroxymethyl-containing polyesters as substrates to produce biodegradable adhesives. They also used hydroxyl-containing butyrate, valerate, cellulose, and starch esters as substrates. Sucrose esters are used as tackifiers to produce biodegradable or hydrolyzed adhesives. In addition, Kauffman et al. Used starch or sulfonated esters as the matrix and added polar waxes to produce polar, water-sensitive adhesives that can hydrolyze under the action of water and reduce or eliminate them during disposal. Environmental pollution.
3. Non-destructive bonding
The connection of materials mainly includes bolting, riveting, welding, and bonding. Although the use of bolting and other technologies can achieve rapid connection, the material is damaged due to emptying or local heating of the material parts, and cannot be used during use. Avoid stress concentration. In contrast, bonding technology is a non-destructive connection technology, which increases the load capacity and prolongs the service life due to the overall load on the bonding interface.
4 Lightweight
The density of the adhesive is small, mostly between 0.9 and 2, which is about 20% to 25% of the density of metal or inorganic materials, so the weight of the bonded material of the adherend can be greatly reduced. This has important value in reducing weight and saving energy in aerospace, aviation, missiles, and even automobiles and navigation.
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